mysql数据库读写分离环境本人真实环境测试通过
真实环境测试通过,本人拿出来分享一下
一个完整的mysql读写分离环境包括以下几个部分:
· 应用程序client
· database proxy
· database集群
在本次实战中,应用程序client基于c3p0连接后端的database proxy。database proxy负责管理client实际访问database的路由策略,采用开源框架amoeba。database集群采用mysql的master-slave的replication方案。整个环境的结构图如下所示:
实战步骤与详解
一.搭建mysql的master-slave环境
1)分别在host1 主(master)(192.168.1.251),和host2 从(slave) (192.168.1.252)上安装mysql(5.5.32),具体安装方法可见官方文档
2)配置master
首先编辑/etc/my.cnf,添加以下配置:
log-bin=mysql-bin #slave会基于此log-bin来做replication
server-id=1 #master的标示
binlog-do-db = discuz #用于master-slave的具体数据库,同步数据库名
binlog-ignore-db=mysql #不同步的二进制数据库名;这个同步后听说很麻烦,不同步
log-bin=/var/log/mysql/updatelog #设定生成的log文件名;
log-slave-updates #把更新的记录写到二进制文件中;
slave-skip-errors #跳过错误,继续执行复制;
(后四条可以不加,也能执行)
然后添加专门用于复制(replication)的用户:
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO netsnails@192.168.1.252 IDENTIFIED BY 'netsnails123456';
重启mysql,使得配置生效:
最后查看master状态:
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000017 | 107 | discuz | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
该步骤可以跳过 现在备份Master上的 amoeba_study 数据库;(如果数据库很大 ,最好先按照下面操作 ,自动同步耗时较长)
锁定数据库后 我直接打包amoeba_study 这个库文件;
mysql>FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
cd /var/db/mysql
tar –cvf amoeba_study.tar.gz amoeba_study
打包完成后解锁主库表;
mysql>UNLOCK TABLES;
将打包文件上传到 slave (从)服务器上,解压amoeba_study后保存到mysql数据库下面,记得修改 mysql 组合用户
3)配置slave
首先编辑/etc/my.cnf,更改以下配置:
server-id=2 #slave的标示
配置生效后,配置与master的连接:
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.251',
-> MASTER_USER='netsnails',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='netsnails123456',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000017',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=107;
其中MASTER_HOST是master机的ip,MASTER_USER和MASTER_PASSWORD就是我们刚才在master上添加的用户,MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS对应与master status里的信息最后启动slave:
mysql> start slave;
4)验证master-slave搭建生效
Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes 这两项必须为yes 才能证明Slave的I/O和SQL进行正常。 如下正常
至此主从复制配置完成
在master上操作
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000017 | 107 | discuz | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在slave上操作
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.251
Master_User: netsnails
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000017
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_File: czhbsd92-relay-bin.000028
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000017
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
未实现
二.搭建database proxy mysql读写分离
此次实战中database proxy采用amoeba ,它的相关信息可以查阅官方文档,不在此详述
1)安装amoeba
下载amoeba(1.2.0-GA)后解压到本地(D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA),即完成安装
2)配置amoeba
先配置proxy连接和与各后端mysql服务器连接信息(D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA\conf\amoeba.xml):
1. <server>
2. <!-- proxy server绑定的端口 -->
3. <property name="port">8066</property>
4.
5. <!-- proxy server绑定的IP -->
6. <!--
7. <property name="ipAddress">127.0.0.1</property>
8. -->
9. <!-- proxy server net IO Read thread size -->
10. <property name="readThreadPoolSize">20</property>
11.
12. <!-- proxy server client process thread size -->
13. <property name="clientSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>
14.
15. <!-- mysql server data packet process thread size -->
16. <property name="serverSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>
17.
18. <!-- socket Send and receive BufferSize(unit:K) -->
19. <property name="netBufferSize">128</property>
20.
21. <!-- Enable/disable TCP_NODELAY (disable/enable Nagle's algorithm). -->
22. <property name="tcpNoDelay">true</property>
23.
24. <!-- 对外验证的用户名 -->
25. <property name="user">root</property>
26.
27. <!-- 对外验证的密码 -->
28. <property name="password">root</property>
29. </server>
以上是proxy提供给client的连接配置
1. <dbServerList>
2. <dbServer name="server1">
3. <!-- PoolableObjectFactory实现类 -->
4. <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">
5. <property name="manager">defaultManager</property>
6.
7. <!-- 真实mysql数据库端口 -->
8. <property name="port">3306</property>
9.
10. <!-- 真实mysql数据库IP -->
11. <property name="ipAddress">10.20.147.110</property>
12. <property name="schema">amoeba_study</property>
13.
14. <!-- 用于登陆mysql的用户名 -->
15. <property name="user">root</property>
16.
17. <!-- 用于登陆mysql的密码 -->
18. <property name="password"></property>
19.
20. </factoryConfig>
21.
22. <!-- ObjectPool实现类 -->
23. <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">
24. <property name="maxActive">200</property>
25. <property name="maxIdle">200</property>
26. <property name="minIdle">10</property>
27. <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>
28. <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>
29. <property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>
30. <property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>
31. </poolConfig>
32. </dbServer>
33. <dbServer name="server2">
34.
35. <!-- PoolableObjectFactory实现类 -->
36. <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">
37. <property name="manager">defaultManager</property>
38.
39. <!-- 真实mysql数据库端口 -->
40. <property name="port">3306</property>
41.
42. <!-- 真实mysql数据库IP -->
43. <property name="ipAddress">10.20.147.111</property>
44. <property name="schema">amoeba_study</property>
45.
46. <!-- 用于登陆mysql的用户名 -->
47. <property name="user">root</property>
48.
49. <!-- 用于登陆mysql的密码 -->
50. <property name="password"></property>
51.
52. </factoryConfig>
53.
54. <!-- ObjectPool实现类 -->
55. <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">
56. <property name="maxActive">200</property>
57. <property name="maxIdle">200</property>
58. <property name="minIdle">10</property>
59. <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>
60. <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>
61. <property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>
62. <property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>
63. </poolConfig>
64. </dbServer>
65. </dbServerList>
以上是proxy与后端各mysql数据库服务器配置信息,具体配置见注释很明白了
最后配置读写分离策略:
1. <queryRouter class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.parser.MysqlQueryRouter">
2. <property name="LRUMapSize">1500</property>
3. <property name="defaultPool">server1</property>
4. <property name="writePool">server1</property>
5. <property name="readPool">server2</property>
6. <property name="needParse">true</property>
7. </queryRouter>
从以上配置不然发现,写操作路由到server1(master),读操作路由到server2(slave)
3)启动amoeba
在命令行里运行D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA\amoeba.bat即可:
log4j:WARN log4j config load completed from file:D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA\conf\log4j.xml
log4j:WARN ip access config load completed from file:D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/conf/access_list.conf
2010-07-03 09:55:33,821 INFO net.ServerableConnectionManager - Server listening on 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8066.
三.client端调用与测试
1)编写client调用程序
具体程序细节就不详述了,只是一个最普通的基于mysql driver的jdbc的数据库操作程序
2)配置数据库连接
本client基于c3p0,具体数据源配置如下:
1. <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
2. destroy-method="close">
3. <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
4. <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:8066/amoeba_study" />
5. <property name="user" value="root" />
6. <property name="password" value="root" />
7. <property name="minPoolSize" value="1" />
8. <property name="maxPoolSize" value="1" />
9. <property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800" />
10. <property name="acquireIncrement" value="1" />
11. <property name="maxStatements" value="0" />
12. <property name="initialPoolSize" value="1" />
13. <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="1800" />
14. <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="6" />
15. <property name="acquireRetryDelay" value="1000" />
16. <property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false" />
17. <property name="testConnectionOnCheckout" value="true" />
18. <property name="testConnectionOnCheckin" value="false" />
19. </bean>
值得注意是,client端只需连到proxy,与实际的数据库没有任何关系,因此jdbcUrl、user、password配置都对应于amoeba暴露出来的配置信息
3)调用与测试
首先插入一条数据:insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(20003,'name_20003')
通过查看master机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:
100703 11:58:42 1 Query set names latin1
1 Query SET NAMES latin1
1 Query SET character_set_results = NULL
1 Query SHOW VARIABLES
1 Query SHOW COLLATION
1 Query SET autocommit=1
1 Query SET sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES'
1 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'tx_isolation'
1 Query SHOW FULL TABLES FROM `amoeba_study` LIKE 'PROBABLYNOT'
1 Prepare [1] insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(?,?)
1 Prepare [2] insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(?,?)
1 Execute [2] insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(20003,'name_20003')
得知写操作发生在master机上
通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:
100703 11:58:42 2 Query insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(20003,'name_20003')
得知slave同步执行了这条语句
然后查一条数据:select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = 20003
通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:
100703 12:02:00 33 Query set names latin1
33 Prepare [1] select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = ?
33 Prepare [2] select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = ?
33 Execute [2] select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = 20003
得知读操作发生在slave机上
并且通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log发现这条语句没在master上执行
通过以上验证得知简单的master-slave搭建和实战得以生效
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